This thesis examines the optoelectronic properties of low-dimensional materials, focusing on metal halide perovskites and antiferromagnetic van der Waals compounds. Advanced optical techniques, including scanning near-field optical microscopy, confocal microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and time-resolved spectroscopy, are developed and applied to nanoscale systems. Spin-dependent optical responses are investigated in layered antiferromagnetic materials such as NiPS₃. Subsequent studies of two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites employ custom-built cryogenic and room-temperature confocal platforms for hyperspectral imaging, polarization-resolved mapping, and lifetime-resolved spectroscopy. These measurements demonstrate how disorder, strain, grain boundaries, and dielectric contrast govern exciton localization, transport, and recombination, providing new physical insight and advancing experimental capabilities in nanoscale optical science.
